Clear from Control → Evidence → Bibliography
Full source list

Bibliography.

The full set of sources cited across the pathway - UK and international research on prevalence, mental-health service mismatch, post-separation continuation of coercive control, children in family-court contexts, workplace presentation, and the published CARE framework. Last reviewed May 2026.

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Prevalence - UK & global

How widespread the problem is.

Headline national and international figures used across the catalogue and Evidence page.

  • ONS · 2025 Office for National Statistics (2025). Domestic abuse in England and Wales overview, November 2025. Year ending March 2025: 25.8% of people aged 16+ reported experiencing domestic abuse since age 16, with women experiencing higher rates than men. Crime Survey for England and Wales. Read source →
  • ONS · 2025 Office for National Statistics (2025). Domestic abuse prevalence and trends, England and Wales: year ending March 2025. Source for the headline prevalence figure on the home page. Crime Survey for England and Wales. Read source →
  • WHO · 2021 World Health Organization (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Global, regional and national estimates of intimate-partner and non-partner sexual violence against women - multi-country synthesis covering 161 countries. Read source →
Mental-health service mismatch

Disclosure rates depend on whether clinicians ask.

UK primary research and the NICE synthesis behind the 30–60% figure.

  • 2010 Howard, L.M., Trevillion, K., Khalifeh, H., Woodall, A., Agnew-Davies, R. & Feder, G. (2010). Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: prevalence and interventions. Psychological Medicine, 40(6), 881–893. UK studies report 30–60% lifetime prevalence of domestic violence histories among psychiatric in-patients. Read source →
  • 2012 Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G. & Howard, L.M. (2012). Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 7(12), e51740. Read source →
  • 2013 Oram, S., Trevillion, K., Feder, G. & Howard, L.M. (2013). Prevalence of experiences of domestic violence among psychiatric patients: systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(2), 94–99. Read source →
  • NICE · 2014 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2014). Domestic violence and abuse: multi-agency working (PH50). Synthesises Howard, Oram and other UK primary studies; the source for the 30–60% figure cited across the pathway. Read source →
  • 2020 Chandan, J.S., Thomas, T., Bradbury-Jones, C., Russell, R., Bandyopadhyay, S., Nirantharakumar, K. & Taylor, J. (2020). Female survivors of intimate partner violence and risk of depression, anxiety and serious mental illness. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 217(4), 562–567. Read source →
Post-separation continuation

"Post" is often a misleading prefix.

Why coercive control routinely persists - or escalates - after the relationship ends.

  • 2024 Tutty, L.M., Radtke, H.L. & Nixon, K.L. (2024). "He Tells People That I Am Going to Kill My Children": Post-Separation Coercive Control in Men Who Perpetrate IPV. Violence Against Women, 30(11), 2853–2876. Mixed-methods study; 86% of separated survivors report ongoing coercive-control tactics. Read source →
  • 2023 Spearman, K.J., Hardesty, J.L. & Campbell, J. (2023). Post-separation abuse: A concept analysis. Documents the routes by which control persists after separation - court, contact, finances, surveillance - drawing on UK and international data. Read source →
Children & high-conflict divorce

What "high-conflict" framing routinely masks.

Empirical work on children's exposure and on the framing of family-court cases.

  • 2020 Katz, E. (2020). When Coercive Control Continues to Harm Children: Post-Separation Fathering, Stalking and Domestic Violence. Child Abuse Review, 29(4), 310–323. Qualitative study of 29 children and young people in Finland and the UK. Read source →
  • 2020 de Ru, J. et al. (2020). De conflictscheiding als complexe gezinsproblematiek. Pedagogiek, 40(2). Pilot study of 102 parents in Dutch child-protection assessments referred as "high-conflict divorce" - coercive controlling violence by at least one ex-partner is consistently identified. Read source →
  • 2022 van der Wal, R.C. - cited in Berman et al. (2022). Children of high-conflict-divorce families: PTSD risk and clinical implications. Children in high-conflict-divorce cases screen at substantially elevated risk for PTSD relative to general populations. Read source →
  • DAC · 2025 Domestic Abuse Commissioner (2025). Everyday business. Source for the family court case-file figure on the home page. Read source →
Workplace impact

Domestic abuse substantially affects the workplace.

UK practitioner and policy guidance on the workplace impact of domestic abuse - wellbeing, attendance, safety, performance.

  • CIPD · 2024 Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2024). Bullying and harassment at work factsheet. Practitioner review of bullying and harassment, including UK prevalence data and the role of underlying coercion patterns in workplace complaints. Read source →
  • EIDA Employers' Initiative on Domestic Abuse. Domestic abuse and the workplace handbook. Employer-facing guidance on recognising and responding to domestic abuse in the workforce. Read source →
  • TUC Trades Union Congress. Domestic violence and the workplace. UK union-led guide on domestic abuse as a workplace issue, including survey data on impact on attendance and performance. Read source →
  • SafeLives SafeLives. Workplace impact data. UK domestic-abuse charity. Approximately 1 in 5 employees experience domestic abuse in their lifetime, with substantial knock-on effects on workplace wellbeing, attendance, and safety. Read source →
  • 2024 International Coaching Federation (2024). Well-being snapshot survey: executive summary. 85% of coach practitioners have clients who request help with their mental well-being. Read source →
The CARE framework

Peer-reviewed presentation of the pathway's clinical model.

The published source for the framework taught across the Clear from Control pathway.

  • BACP · 2025 Newman, C. (2025). Domestic abuse - a model for recovery. Healthcare Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal, July 2025. The CARE framework and recovery-stage model. Published by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. Read source →

How this bibliography is used. Sources are referenced across the catalogue, the Evidence page, and the four course pages. Where a figure is cited as a headline number (e.g. 1 in 4, 86%), the underlying source is listed here in full.

Last reviewed May 2026. If you spot an error or have a suggested addition, contact us via the enquiry form.